IOT Communication Protocols

Career Oriented Projects based Training Program

Internet of Thinggs (IoT)

Description about Module 5: Communication Protocols

Communication Protocols:

• Infrastructure Protocols
  • TCP: Used for tramission, reliability and retransmission of network packets.
  • IP: Routing Protocol. used to establish connection between communicating parties
  • UDP: A simple OSI transport layer protocol for client/server network applications based on Internet Protocol (IP). UDP is often used in applications specially tuned for real-time performance.
  • IPv4, IPv6: IPv4, IPv6 - "IPv6, is an Internet Layer protocol for packet-switched internetworking and provides end-to-end datagram transmission across multiple IP networks.
• Discovery Protocols
  • mDNS (multicast Domain Name System): Resolves host names to IP addresses within small networks that do not include a local name server.
  • Physical Web: The Physical Web enables you to see a list of URLs being broadcast by objects in the environment around you with a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacon.
  • HyperCat: An open, lightweight JSON-based hypermedia catalogue format for exposing collections of URIs.
  • UPnP (Universal Plug and Play): Managed by the Open Connectivity, is a set of networking protocols that permits networked devices to seamlessly discover each other's presence on the network and establish functional network services for data sharing, communications, and entertainment.
• Data Protocols: 
  • MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport): "The MQTT protocol enables a publish/subscribe messaging model in an extremely lightweight way. It is useful for connections with remote locations where a small code footprint is required and/or network bandwidth is at a premium."
  • MQTT-SN (MQTT For Sensor Networks): An open and lightweight publish/subscribe protocol designed specifically for machine-to-machine and mobile applications
  • CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol): "CoAP is an application layer protocol that is intended for use in resource-constrained internet devices, such as WSN nodes. CoAP is designed to easily translate to HTTP for simplified integration with the web, while also meeting specialized requirements such as multicast support, very low overhead, and simplicity.
• Communication / Transport layer Protocols
  • Ethernet
  • WirelessHart: "WirelessHART technology provides a robust wireless protocol for the full range of process measurement, control, and asset management applications."
  • DigiMesh: "DigiMesh is a proprietary peer-to-peer networking topology for use in wireless end-point connectivity solutions.
  • IEEE 802.15.4: IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard which specifies the physical layer and media access control for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It is the basis for the ZigBee,ISA100.11a, WirelessHART, and MiWi specifications.
  • NFC: Based on the standard ISO/IEC 18092:2004, using inductive coupled devices at a center frequency of13.56 MHz. The data rate is up to 424 kbps and the rangeis with a few meters short compared to the wireless sensornetworks.
  • Bluetooth: Bluetooth works in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and uses frequency hopping. With a data rate up to 3 Mbps and maximum range of 100m. Each application type which can use Bluetooth has its own profile.
  • WiFi
  • WiMax: WiMax is based on the standard IEEE 802.16 & is intended for wireless metropolitan area networks. The range is different for fixed stations, where it can go up to 50 km & mobile devices with 5 to 15 km. WiMAx operates at frequencies between 2.5 GHz to 5.8 GHz with a transferrate of 40 Mbps.
• Semantic Protocols
  • IOTDB: "JSON / Linked Data standards for describing the Internet of Things"
• Multi-layer Frameworks Protocols
  • Alljoyn: An open source software framework that makes it easy for devices and apps to discover and communicate with each other.
  • IoTivity: It is an open source project hosted by the Linux Foundation, and sponsored by the OIC.
• Security Protocols
  • Open Trust Protocol (OTrP): A protocol to install, update, & delete applications & to manage security configuration in a Trusted Execution Environment (TEE).
  • X.509: Standard for public key infrastructure (PKI) to manage digital certificates and public-key encryption. A key part of the Transport Layer Security protocol used to secure web and email communication.

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