20. Complex Script: Interactive File Management SystemCreate a complex interactive Bash script that provides a menu-driven interface for file management. The script should:→ Offer options to create a…
9. Handling Large MessagesModify the program to handle messages larger than the pipe buffer size. Use a loop to ensure the entire message is sent and received correctly.
22: Updating Kernel Data StructuresExplain how the kernel data structures, such as `task_struct`, `mm_struct`, and `vm_area_struct`, are updated during the `execve()` system call. What role do these …
21: Setting Up the New Process ImageWhat steps does the kernel take to set up the new process image during `execve()`? Include details about memory segments and copying arguments and environment vari…
20: Permission and Existence Checks in Kernel SpaceDescribe the checks performed by the kernel during the execution of the `execve()` system call. Why are these checks necessary?
19: Initiating the Exec System CallWhat happens when the `execl()` function is called in user space, and how does it transition to kernel space? Include the role of `execve()` in your explanation.
18: File Descriptor Table and Signal Handling in Process ReplacementHow are the file descriptor table and signal handling information managed during an `execve()` system call? What changes occur to t…
17: Function of vm_area_structWhat is the `vm_area_struct`, and how does it contribute to the process's memory management? Explain its key fields and role during the `execve()` system call.
16: Role of mm_struct in Memory ManagementDescribe the `mm_struct` and its significance in managing a process's memory layout. What changes are made to `mm_struct` during an `execve()` call?
15: Understanding task_struct in Process ReplacementWhat is the `task_struct` in the Linux kernel, and what role does it play during an `execve()` system call? Highlight some of its key fields and ho…
14: Returning to User SpaceExplain the final steps of the `execve()` system call as the process returns to user space. What happens if there is an error during the execution of `execve()`?
12: Transition from User Space to Kernel SpaceDescribe the transition from user space to kernel space when the `execve()` system call is triggered by `execl()`. What is the role of the `syscall` inst…
11: User-Space Preparation in execl()What steps are involved in user-space preparation when the `execl()` function is called? How does `execl()` interface with `execve()`?
10: Returning to User Space and ExecutionDescribe the final steps of the `execve()` system call as the process returns to user space. What happens if there is an error during the execution of `execve…
9: Updating Kernel Data StructuresHow does the kernel update its data structures during the `execve()` system call? What are the roles of `task_struct` and `mm_struct` in this process?
8: Kernel-Space Execution of execve()What operations are performed by the kernel when handling the `execve()` system call? Include details about permission checks, loading the executable, and setting…
7: Transition from User Space to Kernel SpaceExplain the transition from user space to kernel space during the execution of `execl()`. What role does the `syscall` instruction play in this process?
6: User-Space Preparation for execl()What happens in user space when the `execl()` function is called? Describe the role of the GNU C Library (glibc) and how arguments and environment variables are p…
5: Using execve for Custom Environment VariablesHow does the `execve()` system call differ from other exec calls when it comes to passing environment variables? Provide an example illustrating its us…
4: Handling Environment Variables with execleDescribe how the `execle()` system call is used to pass custom environment variables to a new process. What is the syntax and a typical use case?
3: Difference Between execlp and execlHow does the `execlp()` system call differ from `execl()`? Provide an example where `execlp()` would be more appropriate than `execl()`.
2: Usage of execl()Explain the syntax and usage of the `execl()` system call. What parameters does it take, and how are they used in a typical example?
1: Understanding the exec System Call FamilyDescribe the purpose of the exec system call family in Unix-like operating systems. How does it affect the process identifier and the process memory layout?
20: Comparing Wrong and Right Ways to Use execlGiven the example programs, compare the wrong and right ways to use `execl()` for specifying the successor process name. What lessons can be learned fro…
19: Specifying the Name of the Successor ProcessExplain why setting the name of the successor process using `argv[0]` in `execl()` might not reflect correctly at the OS level. How can this be correct…
18: Handling Zero as an ArgumentDescribe the potential issue when passing a zero as an argument in the `execl()` system call. How can this issue be resolved? Provide an example.
17: Proper Error Handling with execWhy is it important to use an if condition to check whether the exec API failed, instead of writing code immediately after the exec call as the failure case? Illust…
16: Execution Context Setup and Process Context ReplacementExplain how the execution context is set up after `execve()` is called. What steps are involved in replacing the old process context with th…
15: Kernel Data Structures in Process ReplacementIdentify and describe the key kernel data structures involved in process replacement using `execl()`. How do these structures facilitate the transitio…
14: Kernel Operations during execve()What are the key operations performed by the kernel during the execution of `execve()`? Include details on permission checks and loading the executable.
13: System Call Invocation in Process ReplacementDescribe the initial steps that occur in user space when the `execl()` system call is made. How does the transition to kernel space happen?
12: Transition from User Space to Kernel SpaceOutline the steps involved in transitioning from user space to kernel space when `execl()` is called. What role does the `execve()` system call play in t…
11: Executing the `execl()` CallDescribe the process and purpose of calling `execl()`. What happens if the call is successful, and how should errors be handled?
10: Constructing the Argument ListHow do you prepare the argument list for the `execl()` system call? What are the conventions and requirements for the arguments?
9: Preparing the Executable PathExplain the purpose of preparing the executable path in the process replacement using `execl()`. How do absolute and relative paths differ in this context?
8: Custom Environment with execveHow does the `execve` function differ from the other exec functions, and when would you use it? Provide an example of its usage.
7: an example usage of the `execv` and `execvp` functionsProvide an example usage of the `execv` and `execvp` functions. How do these functions differ in terms of specifying the executable file?
6: Differences between the `execl`, `execle`, and `execlp`Describe the key differences between the `execl`, `execle`, and `execlp` functions. What do the additional characters (e and p) signify?
5: The purpose of the exec family of functionsCan you explain the purpose of the exec family of functions in Unix-like operating systems? How do they facilitate process replacement?
3: simple implementation of `execl()`Walk us through a simple implementation of `execl()` to replace the current process with the `ls -l` command. What would happen if `execl()` fails?
2: the syntax of the `execl()` functionDescribe the syntax of the `execl()` function. What do each of the parameters represent, and why is the first argument conventionally the name of the program?
1: current process after `execl()`Can you explain what happens to the current process when `execl()` is called? Include details about the process image and process ID.
12. Fields of struct sigactionExplain the struct sigaction structure used in the sigaction function. What are the roles of its fields such as sa_handler, sa_sigaction, sa_mask, sa_flags, and sa_resto…
13. Example of Setting Up a Signal HandlerWalk through the example program that sets up a signal handler for SIGINT using sigaction. How is the signal handler function defined and registered, and wha…
14. Blocking Signals During Handler ExecutionHow can you block signals while a signal handler is executing in Linux? Explain the role of the sa_mask field in the sigaction structure and provide an ex…
15. Using Flags in sigactionWhat are some common flags used in the sa_flags field of the sigaction structure? Describe the SA_RESTART and SA_SIGINFO flags and provide examples of how each flag modifi…
16. Handling Real-time SignalsWhat are real-time signals in Linux and how do they differ from standard signals? Provide an example of setting up a signal handler for a real-time signal using sigactio…
17. Concept of Signal MaskingWhat is signal masking in Linux, and why is it important? Explain the concept of a signal mask and how it helps in ensuring the integrity of critical sections of code.
18. Functions for Manipulating Signal SetsDescribe the functions used for manipulating signal sets in Linux. How do sigemptyset, sigfillset, sigaddset, sigdelset, and sigismember work, and what are t…
19. Using sigprocmask and sigsuspendExplain the sigprocmask and sigsuspend functions in Linux. Provide examples of their usage in blocking signals and waiting for signals, respectively. How do these …
20. Understanding SA_SIGINFOWhat is the purpose of the SA_SIGINFO flag in the sigaction structure? How does setting this flag change the behavior of signal handling in Linux?
21. Structure and Parameters of Extended Signal HandlerDescribe the structure and parameters of an extended signal handler function used with SA_SIGINFO. What information can be accessed through the …
22. Example of Handling Signals with Extended InformationExplain the process of setting up and using the SA_SIGINFO flag with sigaction to handle signals. Provide an example of handling the SIGINT si…
17. Setting Up Signal Handlers with sigactionExplain how to set up a signal handler using the sigaction function. Provide an example of setting up a handler for the SIGINT signal that blocks the SIGT…
18. Using the SA_SIGINFO Flag
What is the SA_SIGINFO flag in the sigaction structure, and how does it modify the behavior of signal handling? Provide an example that demonstrates using SA_SIGINFO to …
21. fork() and execl() combinationWrite a C program using `fork()` to create a child process that executes the `whoami` command using `execl()`. Print the output of the child process in the parent pr…
20. security implications of using `exec()` functionsDiscuss the security implications of using `exec()` functions and how to mitigate potential risks.
15. Replace the current process with the `cal`Write a C program to replace the current process with the `cal` command for the current year and month using `execl()`.
15. Environment Variables in CHow can you access, set, and delete environment variables in a C program? Provide code examples for each operation using `getenv()`, `setenv()`, and `unsetenv()` functio…
14. Creating and Accessing Environment Variables in BashHow do you create and access environment variables in a bash shell? Provide examples for both operations.
10. Memory Layout of a C ProgramDescribe the memory layout of a typical C program. What are the roles of the stack, heap, uninitialized data (BSS), initialized data, and text segments?
9. Environment Variables in ProcessesWhat is the environment list in a Unix process, and how can it be accessed in a C program? Provide a code example to print all environment variables.
8. Command-Line Arguments in C ProgramsDescribe how command-line arguments are passed to a C program. What are the roles of `argc` and `argv` in the `main` function?
7. Process ID and Parent Process ID FunctionsHow can you obtain the process ID and parent process ID of a running process in a C program? Provide code examples using `getpid()` and `getppid()` functi…
6. Process Hierarchy and OwnershipExplain the concept of process hierarchy in Linux. How are parent and child processes related, and what is the significance of the parent process ID (ppid)?