C is a relatively small language.
C's small, unambitious feature set is a real advantage. There's less to learn;
there isn't excess baggage in the way when you don't need it.
I…
Please use this discussion threads for quoting the Quotes about EmbLogic and EmbLogicians. The best Quote should be the quote for EmbLogic for next year. The best quote would also be rewarded.
Most personal computers today are equipped with a parallel port, commonly used to connect the computer to a parallel printer. Because it is available on most personal computers, the parallel port is …
Nibble
mode is the preferred way of reading 8 bits of data without placing
the port in reverse mode and using the data lines. Nibble mode uses a
Quad 2 line to 1 line multiplexer to…
The Mad Ads.This concept of the show is unique in the sense that it would give a platform to young talented people to showcase their abilities to perform yet be creative.Entries are invited for the M…
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Ans
#include
int main()
{
printf("\" \" \n");
return 0;
}
Key points: \ slash symbol is a sequence break charecter so \ this symbol read as a charecter
16. Describe the role of the `void *(*start_routine)(void *)` argument in `pthread_create()` and explain how the thread’s work is encapsulated within this function.a. This focuses on the thread’s sta…
4. How does `pthread_create()` work and what arguments does it require to create a thread?a. Give a practical aspect of creating threads and how to use the `pthread_create()` function.
14. What are some common error codes returned by `pthread_create()`, and what do they indicate about the failure in creating a thread?a. Give explanation about your awareness of error handling in `pt…
15. How does `pthread_create()` facilitate parallel processing, and what are some typical use cases where it improves program performance?a. Give explanation about your understanding of the practical…
7. Describe the advantages of using Pthreads over processes in developing concurrent programs.a. This question tests the candidate's understanding of the benefits of threads, including performan…
8. Explain the function and usage of `pthread_join()` and how it helps in thread synchronization.a. Give explanation about your understand and are familiar with thread synchronization using `pthread_…
12. Explain the four arguments of `pthread_create()` and their significance in thread creation.a. Give explanation about your understanding of the function signature and the importance of each argume…
11. What is the purpose of the `pthread_create()` function in POSIX threads, and how does it contribute to concurrent execution in multi-threaded programs?a. Give explanation about your understanding…
5. What is the significance of thread states like running, blocked, and waiting in the lifecycle of a POSIX thread?a. Give explanation in detail about thread states and how the operating system manag…
9. How does shared memory between threads in Pthreads simplify communication compared to processes?a. Give explanation about your understanding of how threads leverage shared memory for simpler commu…
6. What challenges are commonly associated with using Pthreads, such as race conditions and deadlocks?a. Give explanation about your understands of the potential problems of multi-threading.
13. What happens if `pthread_create()` is called with a NULL value for the `attr` parameter? How does this affect thread creation?a. Give explanation about your understanding about default thread att…
17. What is the purpose of the `pthread_exit()` function in POSIX threads, and how does it affect thread termination?a. Give your understanding of how `pthread_exit()` works and its role in thread te…
18. Explain how the `void *retval` argument in `pthread_exit()` is used to return a value to another thread.a. Give your understanding of how return values are passed between threads using `pthread_e…
20. What is the difference between joinable and detached threads, and how does `pthread_exit()` handle resource cleanup for each?a. Give your understanding of thread types and how `pthread_exit()` in…
19. How does calling `pthread_exit()` in the main thread affect the behavior of the entire process?a. Give your understanding of how `pthread_exit()` in the main thread prevents premature process ter…
3. What are the main components of a POSIX thread?a. Give explanation in detail about the internal structure of a thread, such as Thread ID, thread function, and thread states.
2. Explain the key differences between threads and processes in Linux, especially in terms of memory sharing and creation overhead.a. Give explanation in detail about your understanding of the fundam…
3. Using the `ps` Command to View ProcessesHow does the `ps` command help in viewing and understanding the processes running on a Linux system? Describe the meaning of key columns such as PID, PPID, …
2. Managing Process Priorities with Nice ValuesWhat is the purpose of the nice value in Linux process management? How can you view and adjust the nice value of a process using the `ps`, `nice`, and `…
5. Using `pidstat` for Process MonitoringWhat are the advantages of using `pidstat` for per-process monitoring compared to `top` and `iotop`? How can you use `pidstat` to monitor CPU, memory, and dis…
1. Understanding Process Structure and TypesExplain what a process is in the context of Linux. How does Linux differentiate between different types of processes such as parent, child, and zombie proc…
4. Per-Process I/O Monitoring with `iotop`How does the `iotop` tool help in monitoring I/O resources used by individual processes? What do the `TID`, `PRIO`, and I/O columns indicate?
3. Monitoring I/O with `iostat`Explain how the `iostat` command can be used to monitor I/O performance. What information does the `tps`, `kB_read/s`, `kB_wrtn/s`, `kB_read`, and `kB_wrtn` columns pro…
2. Analyzing CPU Time with `vmstat`Describe what the `us`, `sy`, `id`, and `wa` columns represent in the CPU section of `vmstat` output. How can these values help you understand CPU utilization?
1. Understanding `vmstat` OutputWhat categories of information does the `vmstat` command provide, and how can you interpret its output to monitor system performance?
6. Default Parameter Values in FunctionsCreate a Bash script with a function named `greet` that takes two parameters: a name and a greeting. If no greeting is provided, it should default to "Hel…
4. Returning String Values from FunctionsCreate a Bash script with a function named `reverse_string` that takes a string as a parameter, reverses it, and returns the reversed string. Capture the retu…
10. Combining Multiple ConceptsCreate a Bash script with the following:→ A function named `file_info` that takes a filename as a parameter and prints the file type, size, and last modification date.→…
5. Using Positional Parameters in FunctionsWrite a Bash script with a function named `print_params` that prints the first three positional parameters passed to it. Call the function with at least thr…
3. Returning Integer Values from FunctionsWrite a Bash script with a function named `is_even` that takes an integer as a parameter and returns 0 if the number is even and 1 if the number is odd. Capt…
2. Passing Parameters to FunctionsCreate a Bash script with a function named `greet` that takes a single parameter (a name) and prints "Hello, [name]!". Call the function with at least two …
1. Basic Function DefinitionWrite a Bash script that defines a function named `hello` which prints "Hello, World!" to the terminal. Call the function in the script.
20. Tracking Page Faults for ProcessesHow can you monitor page faults for individual processes in Linux? Describe how you can use the `time`, `top`, and `ps` commands to view page faults. Provide an …
19. Understanding Page FaultsWhat are page faults in the context of memory management in Linux? Differentiate between minor and major page faults and explain their impact on system performance.
18. Monitoring System Memory StatusHow can you check the overall memory status of a Linux system? Explain the use of the `free` command and viewing `/proc/meminfo`.
17. Understanding Load AverageWhat is the load average in Linux, and what do the three load average numbers provided by the `uptime` command represent? How should these values be interpreted in terms…
16. Scheduling Priority and Nice ValueWhat are the PR (priority) and NI (nice value) columns in the `top` command output? How do these values influence the scheduling of processes by the kernel?
15. Interpreting `time` Command OutputWhat do the terms `real`, `user`, and `sys` mean in the output of the `time` command? How can you use these values to understand the performance of a process?
14. Using the `time` CommandExplain the differences between the built-in shell `time` command and the system utility `/usr/bin/time`. What are the key differences in the output provided by each?
13. Measuring CPU Time for ProcessesHow can you monitor CPU time for one or more specific processes using the `top` command? Provide the syntax and explain how it works.
12. Viewing Threads in Process Monitoring ToolsHow can you view thread information using the `ps` and `top` commands in Linux? Describe the steps and options required to display thread details in the…
1. Describe the difference between connection-oriented and connectionless communication. How does it affect network application design?Explain how connection-based (e.g., TCP) vs connectionless (e.g.…
2. What are sockets in network programming, and how are they used to facilitate communication between systems?Explain: Basic understanding of socket programming concepts.
3. Explain the purpose of the `bind()` system call in socket programming. In which scenarios would a client application need to use `bind()`?Focus: Knowledge of `bind()` in both server and client con…
4. How does the `select()` function help manage multiple socket connections in a server?Focus: Multiplexing, non-blocking I/O, handling multiple clients in a scalable server.
5. What are the key differences between `send()` and `sendto()`? When would you use each in network programming?Focus: Usage of `send()` for connection-oriented (TCP) and `sendto()` for connectionles…
6. In the context of raw sockets, why might you need to use them, and what are the potential risks associated with raw socket programming?Focus: Low-level network access using raw sockets and the ass…
7. What is the purpose of the `recvfrom()` system call, and how is it different from `recv()`?Focus: Understanding of the different types of socket calls, particularly for datagram (UDP) vs stream (T…
8. Describe the process of converting an IP address from human-readable format to binary format and vice versa. Which functions in Linux are used for this conversion?Focus: Use of `inet_pton()` and `…
9. What are some common network debugging tools available in Linux? How would you use them to troubleshoot network issues?Focus: Knowledge of tools like `tcpdump`, `netstat`, `ss`, `traceroute`, `pin…
10. Explain what a blocking socket is. How can you make a socket non-blocking, and why might you need to do that?Focus: Differentiation between blocking and non-blocking sockets and how to manage I/O…
11. In Linux, what is the purpose of the `fcntl()` system call, and how can it be used in network programming?Focus: Use of `fcntl()` for setting socket attributes, especially non-blocking modes.
12. How would you handle errors in a socket-based program? What are some common socket error codes, and how do you check for them?Focus: Error-handling mechanisms using `errno`, `perror()`, and `stre…
13. What is the purpose of the `listen()` system call, and what role does the `backlog` parameter play in server socket programming?Focus: Understanding how to manage incoming connections and what th…
14. Describe the role of the `accept()` system call in a server application. How does it differ from `connect()` on the client side?Focus: Deep understanding of how server-side `accept()` and client-…
15. What is a UNIX domain socket, and how does it differ from an Internet domain socket? When would you use a UNIX domain socket instead of an IP-based socket?Focus: Local inter-process communication…
16. What is the role of `getaddrinfo()` in network programming? Why is it preferred over older functions like `gethostbyname()`?Focus: Modern address resolution techniques and their advantages, inclu…
17. How would you implement a basic client-server model where the server handles multiple clients simultaneously? What methods would you use for scalability?Focus: Multiplexing techniques (`select()`…
18. Explain the difference between a multicast and a broadcast in network programming. How would you implement each using sockets?Focus: Difference in scope and usage between broadcasting (sending to…
19. What are some strategies for improving the performance of a networked application? How would you optimize socket communication in high-performance systems?Focus: Techniques like reducing latency …
20. What is the purpose of setting socket options with `setsockopt()`? Can you provide examples of commonly used socket options for tuning network performance or behavior?Focus: Use of `setsockopt()`…